Bio 1.1.1 by Jade Shepherd
Summarize the structure and function of organelles in eukaryotic cells (including the nucleus, plasma membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and ribosomes) and ways that these organelles interact with each other to perform the function of the cell.
Cell Organelles
Nucleus
You can find a nucleus in plant and animal cells. This is the control center of the cell. It is enclosed in a double membrane. The nucleus holds the DNA that controls the cell and tells it what to do. Most of this DNA is the same for all cells but can have certain traits turned off for different types of cells.
Plasma Membrane
Plasma membranes are located in both plant and animal cells. The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, is the protective barrier around the cell that controls what enters and exits the cell.
Cell Wall
The cell wall is located in only plant cells. It is a protective barrier made of polysaccharides. This part of the cell is what gives plant structures. It also controls turgor pressure within the cell which is what provides the crispness of fresh vegetables.
Mitochondria
There are mitochondria in both plant and animal cells. The mitochondria of a cell provides it with the energy needed to divide, move, and produce secretory products. It is often known as the power center of the cell.
Vacoules
There are vacuoles in both plant and animal cells. But, they are usually much larger in a plant cell.
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are only found in plant cells because they are used in photosynthesis. This is the part of the cell that causes plants to be the green color that they are. Chloroplasts is the course of food for all plant cells.
Ribosomes
There are ribosomes in both plant and animal cells. Ribosomes are where protein synthesis occurs. Without ribosomes, cells could not specialize.
Relation of Cells
- The first way that the organelles within a cell are related in the relationship between the nucleus and ribosomes. The nucleus releases the DNA that is turned into RNA to make ribosomes.
- The vacuole relates to other organelles by assisting them in giving them storage, isolate threats, and contain waste.
- The mitochondria provides each of the organelles energy to perform each of their needed functions
- The cell membrane allows things into the cell that some organelles need to function
- The nucleus sends out information that tells the cells how to function
Cell Pictures
In the images below, each cell has all of their organelles labeled. Here, you can distinguish which organelles are located in a plant cell and which ones are located in an animal cell.
The image above is an animal cell with each of the organelles labeled.
The image above is a plant cell with each of the organelles labeled.